For our body to be healthy, it is necessary that we must have a perfect balance of diet and exercise. Intake of nutrients in the right amounts would make us live a life free from many health issues, diseases etc. It must be taken into account that vitamin B12 is highly needed for the body and  it is obtained from animal based foods or from supplements etc.
A person who is deficient in vitamin B12 would show several symptoms such as extreme tiredness, sore tongue, muscle weakness, mouth ulcers, vision issues etc. The deficiency of vitamin B12 could affect our important organs. This could lead to serious problems for us.
Various body parts that would get affected due to vitamin B12 deficiency are
Stomach:
It is true that vitamin B12 deficiency could harm the digestive tract present in our stomach leading to gastritis issue in us. This is an inflammation of the stomach lining.
Liver:
Liver is an important organ in our body and it is necessary that the health of the liver must be good for our lives to function normally. Truth is that the liver is a storage location for fat soluble vitamins and handles cholesterol homeostasis. When there is lack of vitamin B12 in the body, then it could lead to reduced hepatic detoxification. In the long run, a person could get chronic liver diseases etc.
Nervous system:
Neurological issues could affect our nervous system and deficiency of vitamin B12 can cause neurological issues in us. Persons with this deficiency could have pins and needles type sensation, vision issues, memory loss etc.
Skin:
Lack of vitamin B12 could lead to skin lesions. It could be skin hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, angular stomatitis, It must be noted that malabsorption is the most common reason for vitamin B12 deficiency. Lack of vitamin B12 is also shown by cutaneous lesions not responding to conventional therapy.

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